• Taste: Ranges from bitter and bold to smooth and sweet, depending on the roast, grind, and brewing method.
• Aroma: Earthy, nutty, floral, fruity, or chocolatey, depending on the bean variety.
• Color: Dark brown to black when brewed.
• Texture: Can be light and watery (Americano) or thick and creamy (Espresso).

Types of Coffee Beans

1. Arabica (Coffea arabica) – Smooth, slightly sweet, mild acidity, most commonly used.
2. Robusta (Coffea canephora) – Strong, bitter, high caffeine content, used in instant coffee and espresso blends.
3. Liberica – Rare, fruity, floral aroma with a woody taste.
4. Excelsa – Tart, fruity, and complex, often blended with other beans.

Common Coffee Roasts

• Light Roast – Mild flavor, high acidity, more caffeine.
• Medium Roast – Balanced flavor, aroma, and acidity.
• Dark Roast – Strong, bold, and slightly bitter with lower acidity.

Caffeine Content (per 8 oz cup)

• Espresso (1 oz shot): ~63 mg
• Black Coffee: ~95 mg
• Decaf Coffee: ~2–5 mg